赵兴庐¹;刘衡²;张建琦²

• 1:广东金融学院 工商管理系，广东 广州 510521
• 2:中山大学 岭南学院，广东 广州 510275

摘要(Abstract)：

组织冗余是否以及如何驱动公司创业是战略学者讨论的热点议题。本文基于创业过程中机会内/外生的动态平衡视角，认为创造性的资源拼凑和手持资源的机会搜寻是沉寂的组织冗余转化为公司创业的双元式中介路径过程。2015年7—10月间对广东、北京和湖北共336家企业进行问卷调查并对数据进行结构方程建模发现：（1）企业的未吸收冗余如现金存留和应收账款等，其变现能力和流动性强，刺激企业识别低买高卖的市场交易增值机会，提升了企业的新机会识别能力；（2）已吸收冗余内嵌于固定投资和生产流程之中，变现能力弱利用效率低，刺激企业发掘其新用途以解决产能过剩问题，从而提升了企业的资源拼凑能力；（3）企业识别的机会越多，对资源的拼凑活动越频繁，其公司创业绩效越好；且机会识别和资源拼凑在组织冗余与公司创业绩效的正向关系中起到了完全中介的作用。上述结果厘清了组织冗余转化为公司创业的“黑箱”过程，为深入理解冗余与创业的内在连接机理提供了新的理论视角和经验证据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 组织冗余;机会识别;资源拼凑;公司创业

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助面上项目（71572204）；广东省普通高校青年创新人才类资助项目（2015WQNCX104）

作者(Authors): 赵兴庐¹;刘衡²;张建琦²

DOI: 10.16538/j.cnki.fem.2017.06.005

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 蔡莉, 单标安, 朱秀梅, 等. 创业研究回顾与资源视角下的研究框架构建——基于扎根思想的编码与提炼[J]. 管理世界, 2011,(12): 160-169.
  [2] 戴维奇. 组织冗余、公司创业与成长: 解析不同冗余的异质影响[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2012,(6): 156-164.
  [3] 方世建, 黄明辉. 创业新组拼理论溯源、主要内容探析与未来研究展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2013,(10): 2-12.
  [4] 李晓翔, 陈邦峰, 霍国庆. 组织冗余如何影响中小企业产品创新?离心力和向心力的中介作用研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2013,(6): 16-26, 71.
  [5] 廖中举, 黄超, 姚春序. 组织资源冗余: 概念、测量、成因与作用[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2016,(10): 49-59.
  [6] 张建琦, 安雯雯, 尤成德, 等. 基于多案例研究的拼凑理念、模式双元与替代式创新[J]. 管理学报, 2015,(5): 647-656.
  [7] 张玉利, 田新, 王晓文. 有限资源的创造性利用——基于冗余资源的商业模式创新: 以麦乐送为例[J]. 经济管理, 2009,(3): 119-125.
  [8] 赵亚普, 张文红, 陈斯蕾. 动态环境下组织冗余对企业探索的影响研究[J]. 科研管理, 2014,(2): 10-16.
  [9] 郑丹辉, 韩晓燕, 李新春. 组织冗余与我国民营上市企业风险投资: 创始人控制的调节作用[J]. 财经研究, 2013,(5): 62-72.
  [10] 朱秀梅, 张婧涵, 肖雪. 国外创业学习研究演进探析及未来展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2013,(12): 20-30.
  [11] Alvarez S A, Barney J B. Entrepreneurship and epistemology: The philosophical underpinnings of the study of entrepreneurial opportunities[J]. The Academy of Management Annals, 2010, 4(1): 557-583.
  [12] Baker T, Nelson R E. Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2005, 50(3): 329-366.
  [13] Eckhardt J T, Shane S A. Opportunities and entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of Management, 2003, 29(3): 333-349.
  [14] George G. Slack resources and the performance of privately held firms[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2005, 48(4): 661-676.
  [15] Gruber M, MacMillan I C, Thompson J D. Look before you leap: Market opportunity identification in emerging technology firms[J]. Management Science, 2008, 54(9): 1652-1665.
  [16] Hornsby J S, Kuratko D F, Holt D T, et al. Assessing a measurement of organizational preparedness for corporate entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2013, 30(5): 937-955.
  [17] Lin H E, McDonough Ⅲ E F, Lin S J, et al. Managing the exploitation/exploration paradox: The role of a learning capability and innovation ambidexterity[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2013, 30(2): 262-278.
  [18] Liu H, Ding X H, Guo H, et al. How does slack affect product innovation in high-tech Chinese firms: The contingent value of entrepreneurial orientation[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2014, 31(1): 47-68.
  [19] Ma R, Huang Y C, Shenkar O. Social networks and opportunity recognition: A cultural comparison between Taiwan and the United States[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2011, 32(8): 1183-1205.
  [20] Marlin D, Geiger S W. The organizational slack and performance relationship: A configurational approach[J]. Management Decision, 2015, 53(10): 2339-2355.
  [21] Mitchell I R, Shepherd D A. To thine own self be true: Images of self, images of opportunity, and entrepreneurial action[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2010, 25(1): 138-154.
  [22] Ngo V D, Janssen F, Leonidou L C, et al. Domestic institutional attributes as drivers of export performance in an emerging and transition economy[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016, 69(8): 2911-2922.
  [23] Nohria N, Gulati R. Is slack good or bad for innovation?[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1996, 39(5): 1245-1264.
  [24] Penrose E T. The theory of the growth of the firm[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
  [25] Sarasvathy S D. Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2001, 26(2): 243-263.
  [26] Senyard J, Baker T, Steffens P, et al. Bricolage as a path to innovativeness for resource-constrained new firms[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2014, 31(2): 211-230.
  [27] Shane S, Venkataraman S. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research[J]. The Academy of Management Review, 2000, 25(1): 217-226.
  [28] Simsek Z, Lubatkin M H, Veiga J F, et al. The role of an entrepreneurially alert information system in promoting corporate entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2009, 62(8): 810-817.
  [29] Simsek Z, Veiga J F, Lubatkin M H. The impact of managerial environmental perceptions on corporate entrepreneurship: Towards understanding discretionary slack's pivotal role[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2007, 44(8): 1398-1424.
  [30] Stritar R. Resource hijacking as a bricolage technique[J]. Economic & Business Review, 2012, 14(1): 5-15.
  [31] Suddaby R, Bruton G D, Si S X. Entrepreneurship through a qualitative lens: Insights on the construction and/or discovery of entrepreneurial opportunity[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2015, 30(1): 1-10.
  [32] Tan J, Peng W M. Organizational slack and firm performance during economic transitions: Two studies from an emerging economy[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2003, 24(13): 1249-1263.
  [33] Timmons J A. New venture creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st century[M]. Illinois, Irwin: McGraw-Hill Education, 1999.
  [34] Troilo G, De Luca L M, Atuahene-Gima K. More innovation with less? A strategic contingency view of slack resources, information search, and radical innovation[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2014, 31(2): 259-277.
  [35] Wu J, Wu Z F. Local and international knowledge search and product innovation: The moderating role of technology boundary spanning[J]. International Business Review, 2014, 23(3): 542-551.