傅颖;斯晓夫;陈卉;

• 1:浙江大学管理学院
• 2:宾夕法尼亚布鲁斯堡大学

摘要(Abstract)：

实践证明,社会转型的成功需要创业的成功来支撑,创业的成功是社会转型成功的根本要素之一。从发达国家的经验来看,社会整体进步得益于经济创业与社会创业同步进行。我国目前创业具有重视经济创业而忽视社会创业的倾向,这种经济创业与社会创业不同步的现象不利于我国的转型与社会进步。本文通过检索、归纳与分析2011年以来有关社会创业研究发表在国际顶级创业与管理期刊上的34篇文献,发现近5年来社会创业的研究取得了较大进展:研究对象由发达国家扩展到发展中国家;研究层面由过往主要聚焦社会企业中观层面,逐渐发展为微观(社会创业者个体层次)、中观(社会企业层次)以及宏观(国家层次)研究齐头并进的局面。通过分析这些社会创业前沿理论,本文提出了社会创业的系列研究思考与展望,并指出我国一定要坚定地将经济创业与社会创业同步发展,使大众创业既能为经济发展服务,也能更好地为社会发展服务。

关键词(KeyWords)： 中国情境;社会创业;经济创业;社会创业者;社会发展

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(71372059);国家自然科学基金项目(71672173)

作者(Authors): 傅颖;斯晓夫;陈卉;

DOI: 10.16538/j.cnki.fem.2017.03.003

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• (1)孟加拉的尤努斯(Mohammed Yonus)2006年因为创立小额贷款的格莱珉银行(Grameen Bank),帮助孟加拉贫困人民创业致富而获得诺贝尔和平奖。
• (2)这不仅仅是本文作者的观点,也是本文作者与美国Gray Bruton教授等讨论得出的结论,而且从后续本研究搜集到的发表于世界顶级水平期刊的社会创业文献,所研究的发展中国家的样本取样包括亚洲的印度、中国义乌,也包括美洲的智利、危地马拉,以及非洲的埃及、卢旺达、加纳等。
• (3)其中有两篇文章属于提前出版,即Hockerts(2015)和Wry和York(2015)。34篇文献的汇总表(包括文献标题、研究主题和主要结论等)可向作者索要。
• (4)这里需要指出:34篇文献中,有6篇文献难以以微观、中观或宏观来进行归类,它们包括2篇发表于ETP上的教学案例(Nelson等,2011(本条文献在文后文献中未体现);Anderson等,2014),以及4篇理论文章(Dorado和Ventresca,2013;Zahra等,2014;Choi和Majumdar,2014;Alvarez等,2015),但它们对本文的研究结论与启示提供了相应支撑。此外,有3篇文章则结合了两个层次,它们包括Tobias等(2013)融合了微观+宏观分析;Kent和Dacin(2013)融合了微观+中观分析;Si等(2015)融合了微观+宏观的分析,本文把两个层次融合的文章在不同的层次均作为有效文章计数。因这些原因,读者可发现若把下文中各层次的文章加和,总数并不是34。
• (5)这里也要指出,Miller和Grimes等(2012)发表在AMR上的“compassion”一文,后引起了Arend(2013)在AMR的“对话”性商榷文章,后Grimes等(2013)又再发文回应,因此,Miller和Grimes等(2012)的文章“带来”了3篇微观层次的文章。
• (1)这沿用了普特南(Putnam)所持有的观点:社会资本已不再是某一个人拥有的资源,而是全社会所拥有的财富,一个社会的经济与民主发展,都在很大程度上受制于其社会资本的丰富程度。